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Proteintech sumo 2 3
Sumo 2 3, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 27 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/sumo2+3/SUMO2%2F3+Antibody/10__34133_slash_research__1243-286-17-19
Average 94 stars, based on 27 article reviews
sumo 2 3 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
94/100 stars

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Related Articles

Western Blot:

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction.
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Western blot Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Article Title: Mild microwave hyperthermia promotes mitotic catastrophe, induces time-delayed cGAS-STING activation and restores sensitivity to anti-PDL1 therapy in Pan02 pancreatic cancer model
Article Snippet: The transfection reagents Lipofectamine 2000TM and JetPRIMETM were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Polyplus (Illkirch, France). .. The following antibodies were used for western blotting and immunostaining: anti-human cGAS (Cell Signaling), anti-mouse cGAS (SantaCruz), STING (Novus Biological), phospho-IRF3 Ser-386 (Cell Signaling), phospho-IRF3 Ser-396 (Cell Signaling), IRF-3 (SantaCruz), phospho-TBK1 Ser172 (Cell Signaling), TBK1 (SantaCruz), phospho-H2A.X Ser139 (Cell Signaling), PD-L1 (Cell Signaling), CD11c (Cell Signaling), CD8α (Cell Signaling), F4/80 (Proteintech), CD163 (Proteintech), CD86 (Novus Biologicals), FoxP3 (Cell Signaling), Gr1 (Invitrogen), GranzymeB (Invitrogen), Tim3 (Invitrogen), phospho-STAT1 Tyr701 (Cell Signaling), and IFNβ, CCL5, CXCL10, CD56, MICA, HMGB1, SUMO1, SUMO2/3, UBC9, SAE1, UBA2, SENP3, Beta-Actin (all from Proteintech). ..

Article Title: Mild microwave hyperthermia promotes mitotic catastrophe, induces time-delayed cGAS-STING activation and restores sensitivity to anti-PDL1 therapy in Pan02 pancreatic cancer model
Article Snippet: The transfection reagents Lipofectamine 2000 TM and JetPRIME TM were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Polyplus (Illkirch, France). .. The following antibodies were used for western blotting and immunostaining: anti-human cGAS (Cell Signaling), anti-mouse cGAS (SantaCruz), STING (Novus Biological), phospho-IRF3 Ser-386 (Cell Signaling), phospho-IRF3 Ser-396 (Cell Signaling), IRF-3 (SantaCruz), phospho-TBK1 Ser172 (Cell Signaling), TBK1 (SantaCruz), phospho-H2A.X Ser139 (Cell Signaling), PD-L1 (Cell Signaling), CD11c (Cell Signaling), CD8α (Cell Signaling), F4/80 (Proteintech), CD163 (Proteintech), CD86 (Novus Biologicals), FoxP3 (Cell Signaling), Gr1 (Invitrogen), GranzymeB (Invitrogen), Tim3 (Invitrogen), phospho-STAT1 Tyr701 (Cell Signaling), and IFNβ, CCL5, CXCL10, CD56, MICA, HMGB1, SUMO1, SUMO2/3, UBC9, SAE1, UBA2, SENP3, Beta-Actin (all from Proteintech). ..

Electrophoresis:

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction.
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Western blot Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Electroporation:

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction.
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Western blot Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Blocking Assay:

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction.
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Western blot Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Article Title: SENP3/FIS1-regulated PFC neural mitochondrial fragmentation underlies the mechanism of electroacupuncture attenuating depressive behavior in CUMS mice
Article Snippet: .. After blocking with BSA/TBST at room temperature for 3 h, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies, including DRP1 (1:1500, 12957-1-Ap, Proteintech, Chicago, USA), MFF (1:4000, 66527-1-Ig, Proteintech), FIS1 (1:1000, SAB2702049, Sigma-Aldrich), SUMO2/3 (1:1500, 11251-1-Ap, Proteintech), SENP3 (1:1000, 17659-1-Ap, Proteintech), and GAPDH (1:3000, HRP-60004, Proteintech), overnight at 4°C. .. Secondary antibodies were incubated at room temperature for 1 h (1:3000, anti-rabbit SA00001-2, Proteintech; 1:3000, anti-mouse SA00001-1, Proteintech).

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Incubation:

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction.
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Western blot Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Article Title: SENP3/FIS1-regulated PFC neural mitochondrial fragmentation underlies the mechanism of electroacupuncture attenuating depressive behavior in CUMS mice
Article Snippet: .. After blocking with BSA/TBST at room temperature for 3 h, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies, including DRP1 (1:1500, 12957-1-Ap, Proteintech, Chicago, USA), MFF (1:4000, 66527-1-Ig, Proteintech), FIS1 (1:1000, SAB2702049, Sigma-Aldrich), SUMO2/3 (1:1500, 11251-1-Ap, Proteintech), SENP3 (1:1000, 17659-1-Ap, Proteintech), and GAPDH (1:3000, HRP-60004, Proteintech), overnight at 4°C. .. Secondary antibodies were incubated at room temperature for 1 h (1:3000, anti-rabbit SA00001-2, Proteintech; 1:3000, anti-mouse SA00001-1, Proteintech).

Article Title: Multi-level intervention of Tangluoning on mitochondrial thioredoxin deficiency in Schwann cells ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Article Snippet: Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the most prevalent complication of diabetes, currently lacks disease-modifying therapies.. While Tangluoning recipe (TLN)-a traditional Chinese herbal medicine derived from Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction—demonstrates therapeutic efficacy against DPN symptoms, its mechanism remained elusive.. This study pioneers two transformative advances: Uncovering a previously unrecognized pathogenic axis linking mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx2) deficiency to DPN demyelination; Establishing a novel dual-target therapeutic strategy that concurrently rescues mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid metabolic

Article Title: IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction
Article Snippet: Data processing was performed using FlowJo 10.8.1 (BD Biosciences, CA), and results are presented in terms of red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio. .. Briefly, protein was applied to electrophoresis, electroporation, blocking, and incubation with the primary antibodies: IFI204 (Abcam), GSDMD (Abcam), GSDMD-N (Cell Signaling Technology, CST), Pro caspase-1 (Adipogen), caspase-1 p20 (Cell Signaling Technology), SENP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-TBK1 (CST), p-STING (CST), STING (CST), β-actin (Immunoway). .. After performing three washes, HRP-conjugated goat antibodies that are specific to rabbit or mouse IgG (both sourced from Millipore) were applied at room temperature for a duration of 60 min. Post incubation, visual imaging of the bands was done using a FluorChem M system (ProteinSimple, San Jose).

Immunostaining:

Article Title: Mild microwave hyperthermia promotes mitotic catastrophe, induces time-delayed cGAS-STING activation and restores sensitivity to anti-PDL1 therapy in Pan02 pancreatic cancer model
Article Snippet: The transfection reagents Lipofectamine 2000TM and JetPRIMETM were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Polyplus (Illkirch, France). .. The following antibodies were used for western blotting and immunostaining: anti-human cGAS (Cell Signaling), anti-mouse cGAS (SantaCruz), STING (Novus Biological), phospho-IRF3 Ser-386 (Cell Signaling), phospho-IRF3 Ser-396 (Cell Signaling), IRF-3 (SantaCruz), phospho-TBK1 Ser172 (Cell Signaling), TBK1 (SantaCruz), phospho-H2A.X Ser139 (Cell Signaling), PD-L1 (Cell Signaling), CD11c (Cell Signaling), CD8α (Cell Signaling), F4/80 (Proteintech), CD163 (Proteintech), CD86 (Novus Biologicals), FoxP3 (Cell Signaling), Gr1 (Invitrogen), GranzymeB (Invitrogen), Tim3 (Invitrogen), phospho-STAT1 Tyr701 (Cell Signaling), and IFNβ, CCL5, CXCL10, CD56, MICA, HMGB1, SUMO1, SUMO2/3, UBC9, SAE1, UBA2, SENP3, Beta-Actin (all from Proteintech). ..

Article Title: Mild microwave hyperthermia promotes mitotic catastrophe, induces time-delayed cGAS-STING activation and restores sensitivity to anti-PDL1 therapy in Pan02 pancreatic cancer model
Article Snippet: The transfection reagents Lipofectamine 2000 TM and JetPRIME TM were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Polyplus (Illkirch, France). .. The following antibodies were used for western blotting and immunostaining: anti-human cGAS (Cell Signaling), anti-mouse cGAS (SantaCruz), STING (Novus Biological), phospho-IRF3 Ser-386 (Cell Signaling), phospho-IRF3 Ser-396 (Cell Signaling), IRF-3 (SantaCruz), phospho-TBK1 Ser172 (Cell Signaling), TBK1 (SantaCruz), phospho-H2A.X Ser139 (Cell Signaling), PD-L1 (Cell Signaling), CD11c (Cell Signaling), CD8α (Cell Signaling), F4/80 (Proteintech), CD163 (Proteintech), CD86 (Novus Biologicals), FoxP3 (Cell Signaling), Gr1 (Invitrogen), GranzymeB (Invitrogen), Tim3 (Invitrogen), phospho-STAT1 Tyr701 (Cell Signaling), and IFNβ, CCL5, CXCL10, CD56, MICA, HMGB1, SUMO1, SUMO2/3, UBC9, SAE1, UBA2, SENP3, Beta-Actin (all from Proteintech). ..



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(A) HFF cells stably transduced with control sgRNA or sgRNA targeting UBE2I were infected with HSV-1 ICP0 RFm (MOI = 5). WCLs were analyzed by immunoblotting at 24 h post-infection, followed by densitometric quantification of band intensities. (B) HFF cells were infected with HSV-1 ICP0 RFm (MOI = 5) for 24 h. Denaturing immunoprecipitation was performed using anti-SUMO1 or anti-SUMO2/3 antibodies, and both input and immunoprecipitated samples were analyzed by immunoblotting. (C) U2OS cells stably transduced with control sgRNA or sgRNA targeting SUMO1 were infected with HSV-1 ΔICP0 (MOI = 5) for 24 h. WCLs were analyzed by immunoblotting, followed by densitometric quantification of band intensities. (D) U2OS cells stably transduced with control sgRNA or sgRNA targeting SUMO2 and SUMO3 were infected with HSV-1 ΔICP0 (MOI = 5) for 24 h. WCLs were analyzed by immunoblotting, followed by densitometric quantification of band intensities. (E) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with the indicated plasmids for 24 h and subsequently infected with HSV-1 ICP0 RFm (MOI = 5) for 24 h. Denaturing immunoprecipitation was performed, and both input and immunoprecipitated samples were analyzed by immunoblotting. (F) SMCHD1 -knockdown U2OS cells reconstituted with SMCHD1 WT, or the indicated mutants (Δhinge, K1848R, K1852R, K1872R, or the 3KR mutant [K1848R/K1852R/K1872R]) were infected with HSV-1 ΔICP0 (MOI = 5) for 24 h. WCLs were analyzed by immunoblotting, followed by densitometric quantification of band intensities. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA or unpaired two tailed Student’s t test. p value: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.005. N.S.: no significance.

Journal: PLOS Pathogens

Article Title: SUMOylation and ubiquitination reciprocally regulate SMCHD1 antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus 1

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1014371

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) HFF cells stably transduced with control sgRNA or sgRNA targeting UBE2I were infected with HSV-1 ICP0 RFm (MOI = 5). WCLs were analyzed by immunoblotting at 24 h post-infection, followed by densitometric quantification of band intensities. (B) HFF cells were infected with HSV-1 ICP0 RFm (MOI = 5) for 24 h. Denaturing immunoprecipitation was performed using anti-SUMO1 or anti-SUMO2/3 antibodies, and both input and immunoprecipitated samples were analyzed by immunoblotting. (C) U2OS cells stably transduced with control sgRNA or sgRNA targeting SUMO1 were infected with HSV-1 ΔICP0 (MOI = 5) for 24 h. WCLs were analyzed by immunoblotting, followed by densitometric quantification of band intensities. (D) U2OS cells stably transduced with control sgRNA or sgRNA targeting SUMO2 and SUMO3 were infected with HSV-1 ΔICP0 (MOI = 5) for 24 h. WCLs were analyzed by immunoblotting, followed by densitometric quantification of band intensities. (E) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with the indicated plasmids for 24 h and subsequently infected with HSV-1 ICP0 RFm (MOI = 5) for 24 h. Denaturing immunoprecipitation was performed, and both input and immunoprecipitated samples were analyzed by immunoblotting. (F) SMCHD1 -knockdown U2OS cells reconstituted with SMCHD1 WT, or the indicated mutants (Δhinge, K1848R, K1852R, K1872R, or the 3KR mutant [K1848R/K1852R/K1872R]) were infected with HSV-1 ΔICP0 (MOI = 5) for 24 h. WCLs were analyzed by immunoblotting, followed by densitometric quantification of band intensities. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA or unpaired two tailed Student’s t test. p value: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.005. N.S.: no significance.

Article Snippet: The diluted samples were incubated with anti-FLAG beads or with protein A/G beads together with rabbit control IgG (2 μg), anti-SUMO1 antibody (2 μg; A19121, Abclonal), or anti-SUMO2/3 antibody (2 μg; A22734, Abclonal) overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Stable Transfection, Transduction, Control, Infection, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Knockdown, Mutagenesis, Two Tailed Test

a Immunofluorescence images and quantification (n = 20) of SUMO1 (green) and SUMO2/3 (red) conjugation in RAW264.7 cells with or without STM 14028S infection (4 hpi). Scale bar, 10 µm. b Core SUMO cycle enzymes and their corresponding primary genes (blue). c, d Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of SUMO cycle enzyme expression in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM 14028S vs uninfected controls (4 hpi; n = 3). e UBC9 mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells during STM 14028S infection (0-6 hpi; n = 3). f Immunoblot analysis and quantification of UBC9 protein levels in STM 14028S-infected RAW264.7 cells (0-6 hpi; n = 3). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A bacterial effector blocks SUMOylation by steric occlusion of UBC9 via arginine-GlcNAcylation

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.06.710069

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Immunofluorescence images and quantification (n = 20) of SUMO1 (green) and SUMO2/3 (red) conjugation in RAW264.7 cells with or without STM 14028S infection (4 hpi). Scale bar, 10 µm. b Core SUMO cycle enzymes and their corresponding primary genes (blue). c, d Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of SUMO cycle enzyme expression in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM 14028S vs uninfected controls (4 hpi; n = 3). e UBC9 mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells during STM 14028S infection (0-6 hpi; n = 3). f Immunoblot analysis and quantification of UBC9 protein levels in STM 14028S-infected RAW264.7 cells (0-6 hpi; n = 3). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Unique primary antibodies used in this study included UBC9 (CST, #4786), SUMO1 (Proteintech, 67557-1-lg), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech, 67154-1-lg), arginine-GlcNAcylation antibody (Abcam, EPR18251), Myd88 (Proteintech, 67969-1-lg), HSPA8 (Proteintech, 10654-1-AP), PDCD4 (Proteintech, 84162-3-RR).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Conjugation Assay, Infection, Expressing, Western Blot

a Immunofluorescence images and quantification (n = 20) of SUMO1 (green) and SUMO2/3 (red) conjugation in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM 14028S over a 0-6 hrs time course. Scale bar, 10 µm. b Immunofluorescence images and quantification (n = 20) of SUMO1 (green) and SUMO2/3 (red) conjugation in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT or Δ ssaV or left uninfected (4 hpi). Scale bar, 10 µm. c Schematic of the high-content screening (HCS) workflow used to identify T3SS-2 effector(s) required for subversion of host SUMOylation. d SUMO2/3 suppression rates in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT or T3SS-2 effector knockout strains (4 hpi). For each sample, fluorescence intensity (FI) was measured across three fields (20 cells per field) to calculate the mean FI (MFI). Suppression rate = (MFI_uninfected - FI_test) / (MFI_uninfected - MFI_WT). e Representative immunofluorescence images of SUMO2/3 conjugation in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT, Δ ssaV , Δ sseK1 , or left uninfected (4 hpi). f Immunoblot analysis of SUMO2/3 conjugates in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT or Δ sseK1 or left uninfected (4 hpi). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A bacterial effector blocks SUMOylation by steric occlusion of UBC9 via arginine-GlcNAcylation

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.06.710069

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Immunofluorescence images and quantification (n = 20) of SUMO1 (green) and SUMO2/3 (red) conjugation in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM 14028S over a 0-6 hrs time course. Scale bar, 10 µm. b Immunofluorescence images and quantification (n = 20) of SUMO1 (green) and SUMO2/3 (red) conjugation in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT or Δ ssaV or left uninfected (4 hpi). Scale bar, 10 µm. c Schematic of the high-content screening (HCS) workflow used to identify T3SS-2 effector(s) required for subversion of host SUMOylation. d SUMO2/3 suppression rates in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT or T3SS-2 effector knockout strains (4 hpi). For each sample, fluorescence intensity (FI) was measured across three fields (20 cells per field) to calculate the mean FI (MFI). Suppression rate = (MFI_uninfected - FI_test) / (MFI_uninfected - MFI_WT). e Representative immunofluorescence images of SUMO2/3 conjugation in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT, Δ ssaV , Δ sseK1 , or left uninfected (4 hpi). f Immunoblot analysis of SUMO2/3 conjugates in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT or Δ sseK1 or left uninfected (4 hpi). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Unique primary antibodies used in this study included UBC9 (CST, #4786), SUMO1 (Proteintech, 67557-1-lg), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech, 67154-1-lg), arginine-GlcNAcylation antibody (Abcam, EPR18251), Myd88 (Proteintech, 67969-1-lg), HSPA8 (Proteintech, 10654-1-AP), PDCD4 (Proteintech, 84162-3-RR).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Conjugation Assay, Infection, High Content Screening, Knock-Out, Fluorescence, Western Blot

a Immunoblot analysis of UBC9 Arg-GlcNAcylation mediated by SseK1, SseK2, or SseK3. b AlphaFold-predicted structures of SseK1 (aa 29-336, red), SseK2 (aa 29-348, yellow), and SseK3 (aa 29-335, green), shown with structural alignment using PyMOL. c AlphaFold-modeled structure of the SseK1-UBC9 complex. The enlarged view of the lid-domain region is boxed in black. Residues in the SseK1 lid domain forming hydrogen bonds with UBC9 are shown in stick representation. d Sequence alignment of SseK1, SseK2, and SseK3 generated using ESPript 3.0. e Immunoblot analysis of UBC9 Arg-GlcNAcylation mediated by SseK1, SseK1 A332_Q336del, SseK3, and SseK3 R332delinsARHVQ. f Immunoblot analysis of SUMO2/3 conjugation in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM Δ sseK1 , STM Δ sseK1 complemented with SseK1, or STM Δ sseK1 complemented with either SseK1 D223_D225delinsAAA or SseK1 A332_Q336del (4 hpi). g Phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium SseK1 homologs. Protein sequences homologous to SseK1 (UniProt accession: A0A0H3NK84) were identified using BLASTP analysis against the UniProtKB reference proteomes and Swiss-Prot databases. Sequences with an E-value < 0.05 were selected for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed and visualized using the Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) online tool.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A bacterial effector blocks SUMOylation by steric occlusion of UBC9 via arginine-GlcNAcylation

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.06.710069

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Immunoblot analysis of UBC9 Arg-GlcNAcylation mediated by SseK1, SseK2, or SseK3. b AlphaFold-predicted structures of SseK1 (aa 29-336, red), SseK2 (aa 29-348, yellow), and SseK3 (aa 29-335, green), shown with structural alignment using PyMOL. c AlphaFold-modeled structure of the SseK1-UBC9 complex. The enlarged view of the lid-domain region is boxed in black. Residues in the SseK1 lid domain forming hydrogen bonds with UBC9 are shown in stick representation. d Sequence alignment of SseK1, SseK2, and SseK3 generated using ESPript 3.0. e Immunoblot analysis of UBC9 Arg-GlcNAcylation mediated by SseK1, SseK1 A332_Q336del, SseK3, and SseK3 R332delinsARHVQ. f Immunoblot analysis of SUMO2/3 conjugation in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM Δ sseK1 , STM Δ sseK1 complemented with SseK1, or STM Δ sseK1 complemented with either SseK1 D223_D225delinsAAA or SseK1 A332_Q336del (4 hpi). g Phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium SseK1 homologs. Protein sequences homologous to SseK1 (UniProt accession: A0A0H3NK84) were identified using BLASTP analysis against the UniProtKB reference proteomes and Swiss-Prot databases. Sequences with an E-value < 0.05 were selected for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed and visualized using the Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) online tool.

Article Snippet: Unique primary antibodies used in this study included UBC9 (CST, #4786), SUMO1 (Proteintech, 67557-1-lg), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech, 67154-1-lg), arginine-GlcNAcylation antibody (Abcam, EPR18251), Myd88 (Proteintech, 67969-1-lg), HSPA8 (Proteintech, 10654-1-AP), PDCD4 (Proteintech, 84162-3-RR).

Techniques: Western Blot, Sequencing, Generated, Conjugation Assay, Infection, Construct

a Protein SUMOylation sites showing a >3-fold increase in SUMOylation intensity in STM Δ sseK1 -infected cells relative to WT. SUMOylation intensity was normalized to the corresponding protein abundance measured in proteomic datasets from STM Δ sseK1 - or WT-infected RAW264.7 cells. b GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of proteins with SUMOylation intensity ratio (Δ sseK1 /WT) > 3. c, d IP analysis of Myd88 and Hspa8 SUMO2/3 modification in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT or Δ sseK1 or left uninfected (4 hpi). e Immunoblot analysis of SUMO2/3 modification in RAW-SseK1-OE and RAW-GFP-Ctrl cells. f Nine-quadrant plot showing protein abundance changes in two proteomic comparisons (RAW-SseK1-OE vs RAW-GFP-Ctrl and STM WT-infected vs Δ sseK1 -infected cells). Highlighted proteins are downregulated in both datasets. Fold-change values within dashed lines indicate <|1.3|. g Immunoblot analysis of PDCD4 expression in RAW-SseK1-OE and RAW-GFP-Ctrl cells. h Immunoblot analysis of PDCD4 and SUMO2/3 levels in RAW264.7 cells treated with increasing concentrations of the SUMOylation inhibitor 2-D08. ***P < 0.001.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A bacterial effector blocks SUMOylation by steric occlusion of UBC9 via arginine-GlcNAcylation

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.06.710069

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Protein SUMOylation sites showing a >3-fold increase in SUMOylation intensity in STM Δ sseK1 -infected cells relative to WT. SUMOylation intensity was normalized to the corresponding protein abundance measured in proteomic datasets from STM Δ sseK1 - or WT-infected RAW264.7 cells. b GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of proteins with SUMOylation intensity ratio (Δ sseK1 /WT) > 3. c, d IP analysis of Myd88 and Hspa8 SUMO2/3 modification in RAW264.7 cells infected with STM WT or Δ sseK1 or left uninfected (4 hpi). e Immunoblot analysis of SUMO2/3 modification in RAW-SseK1-OE and RAW-GFP-Ctrl cells. f Nine-quadrant plot showing protein abundance changes in two proteomic comparisons (RAW-SseK1-OE vs RAW-GFP-Ctrl and STM WT-infected vs Δ sseK1 -infected cells). Highlighted proteins are downregulated in both datasets. Fold-change values within dashed lines indicate <|1.3|. g Immunoblot analysis of PDCD4 expression in RAW-SseK1-OE and RAW-GFP-Ctrl cells. h Immunoblot analysis of PDCD4 and SUMO2/3 levels in RAW264.7 cells treated with increasing concentrations of the SUMOylation inhibitor 2-D08. ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Unique primary antibodies used in this study included UBC9 (CST, #4786), SUMO1 (Proteintech, 67557-1-lg), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech, 67154-1-lg), arginine-GlcNAcylation antibody (Abcam, EPR18251), Myd88 (Proteintech, 67969-1-lg), HSPA8 (Proteintech, 10654-1-AP), PDCD4 (Proteintech, 84162-3-RR).

Techniques: Infection, Quantitative Proteomics, Modification, Western Blot, Expressing

a Intracellular survival of STM WT and Δ sseK1 strains in RAW264.7 cells (1-6 hpi). n = 3. b Schematic of the experimental workflow for 2-D08 treatment and Salmonella infection of RAW264.7 cells. c Intracellular survival of STM WT and Δ sseK1 strains in RAW264.7 cells with or without 2-D08 pretreatment (4 hpi). d Schematic of the experimental workflow for 2-D08 administration and STM challenge in C57BL/6 mice. e Immunoblot analysis of SUMO2/3 modification in liver, spleen, and intestine tissues from C57BL/6 mice challenged with STM WT or Δ sseK1 , with or without 2-D08 pretreatment. f Bacterial load (CFU per gram of liver or spleen) in C57BL/6 mice infected with STM WT or Δ sseK1 . n = 4. g Survival curves of C57BL/6 mice challenged with STM WT or Δ sseK1 , with or without 2-D08 pretreatment. n = 6. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A bacterial effector blocks SUMOylation by steric occlusion of UBC9 via arginine-GlcNAcylation

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.06.710069

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Intracellular survival of STM WT and Δ sseK1 strains in RAW264.7 cells (1-6 hpi). n = 3. b Schematic of the experimental workflow for 2-D08 treatment and Salmonella infection of RAW264.7 cells. c Intracellular survival of STM WT and Δ sseK1 strains in RAW264.7 cells with or without 2-D08 pretreatment (4 hpi). d Schematic of the experimental workflow for 2-D08 administration and STM challenge in C57BL/6 mice. e Immunoblot analysis of SUMO2/3 modification in liver, spleen, and intestine tissues from C57BL/6 mice challenged with STM WT or Δ sseK1 , with or without 2-D08 pretreatment. f Bacterial load (CFU per gram of liver or spleen) in C57BL/6 mice infected with STM WT or Δ sseK1 . n = 4. g Survival curves of C57BL/6 mice challenged with STM WT or Δ sseK1 , with or without 2-D08 pretreatment. n = 6. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Unique primary antibodies used in this study included UBC9 (CST, #4786), SUMO1 (Proteintech, 67557-1-lg), SUMO2/3 (Proteintech, 67154-1-lg), arginine-GlcNAcylation antibody (Abcam, EPR18251), Myd88 (Proteintech, 67969-1-lg), HSPA8 (Proteintech, 10654-1-AP), PDCD4 (Proteintech, 84162-3-RR).

Techniques: Infection, Western Blot, Modification